Universe Expansion Explaination

This post explores the expansion of the universe in terms of Scale Theory.

Can Scale Theory explain how and why the universe is expanding? Well here’s what we know about the expansion of the universe.

As eloquently described in a HetDex article, initially there was a period of inflation. At around this point the universe was too hot for regular matter to exist let alone clump together. But somehow dark matter was able to clump together, thus forming a scaffolding upon which regular matter would later clump. The theory is that dark matter was able to form structure in the very early hot universe because it isn’t affected by radiation, light, or energy. Next, after about 400,000 years, the universe had cooled enough that particles could combine to form atoms. Over the next billion years or so, the universe continued to expand and cool, with enormous amounts of hydrogen and helium lumping together to give birth to stars and galaxies. Observations indicate that the expansion rate of the “early universe” was dictated primarily by dark matter. Then, about five billion years ago something changed and the expansion rate began to accelerate. It is believed that at this point in the evolution of the universe, the effects of dark energy took over. The theory is that the expansion rate of the “late universe” was dictated primarily by dark energy.

So can Scale Theory explain why dark matter is impervious to radiation and how dark matter was able to clump when it was too hot for regular matter to clump? And can it explain why dark matter dominated in the “early universe” and why dark energy now dominates in the “late universe”?

Dark Matter Clumping Stage

Scale theory says that dark matter is not some ultra light form of matter, like neutrinos. Scale Theory proposes that dark matter is in fact, bent space time at the small scale dimension extreme. So, given that dark matter is not matter at all, it’s unaffected by radiation. This explains why dark matter was able to “clump” in the early universe.

Dark Matter Dominance (400,000 – 9 Billion Years)

In the “early universe” the gravitational effects of matter and dark matter were the dominant factors with regards to the expansion rate. And this is predicted by Scale Theory. Scale theory says that dark matter is the result of bent space time at the small end of the scale dimension. And since the early universe was small (relatively speaking), there was more effect from warped space time at this scale extreme. Scale Theory indeed predicts that when the universe was smaller, the effects of dark matter would dominate.

Dark Energy Dominance (9 Billion – Present Time)

We know that things began to shift about 5 billion years ago. At this point, dark energy started to dominate and the expansion rate of the universe began to accelerate. And this too is predicted by Scale Theory. Scale theory says that dark energy is the result of warped space time at the large end of the scale dimension. And since the late universe was getting larger, there would be more effect from warped space time at the large scale extreme. Scale Theory indeed predicts that as the universe grows larger, dark energy should start to dominate. In fact, Scale Theory predicts that the effects of dark energy will not only continue to dominate, but it’s effects will grow more pronounced, further accelerating the rate of expansion.

In Summary

Scale Theory explains all three of the universe expansion stages. Dark matter was impervious to radiation in the early hot universe because according to Scale Theory, dark matter is not actually matter, it’s bent space time at the small scale extreme. The expansion of the early universe was dominated by dark matter simply because the universe was relatively small at that time. Then as the universe grew larger, the balance shifted. The effects of bent space time at the large scale extreme then started to dominate, hence dark energy took over and the expansion rate began accelerating.

Of course there’s more that can be discussed. We can think about the origin of the non homogenous nature of the universe. One idea that comes out of Scale Theory is that our universe was born from a black hole in another universe. And it is this “origin black hole” that accounts for the bending of space time at the scale extremes. If this is in fact true, the lumpiness of the early universe says something about the matter distribution of the gas that formed our origin black hole.

We can also talk about why the transition point was at 9 billion years. Maybe we can calculate the size of our origin black hole based on the expansion acceleration rate. The shift from deceleration to acceleration happened when the universe was 9 billion years old. Maybe a smaller origin black hole would have moved this shift point to an earlier date? Who knows? But the interesting thing is that if Scale Theory is right, the expansion of our universe might provide clues about the origin of our universe. Very cool.